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Home » Humanities & Social Sciences » History (0470 & 2147) » IGCSE & O Level » Paper 1 (Structured Questions) » 19th Century: Modern Nation States

19th Century: Modern Nation States

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The crisis of June–July 1914 and the outbreak of war

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The Balkans

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Colonial Rivalry

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The Arms Race

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the 1902 Anglo–Japanese Alliance

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The origins of the First World War, 1890–1914: – the Alliance System and the European diplomatic system

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Wars of independence in the Philippines and Cuba, the Spanish–American War and the Treaty of Paris

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The British in India: the events of 1857 and the changes they brought to British rule

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The Belgians and private imperialism; Leopold II and the Congo

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The British model of indirect rule; Lugard and Nigeria

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The French model of assimilation and direct rule; Faidherbe and Senegal

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What were the motives behind European and US imperialism?

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Reconstruction and the extent of its success

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The role of Lincoln

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Reasons for the North’s victory and the South’s defeat

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the 1860 election and secession of the Southern states

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Slavery, slave states and free states, abolitionism

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Causes and consequences of the American Civil War, 1820–77: – differences between North and South

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Bismarck’s foreign policy to 1871

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Bismarck as Prussian Minister–President

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Re-establishment of Austrian influence in Germany by 1850

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The setting up and eventual failure of the Frankfurt Parliament

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Why was Germany not unified in 1848–50?

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The creation of the Kingdom of Italy, completion of unification by 1870

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Garibaldi and the invasion of Sicily and Naples

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Victor Emmanuel II and Cavour: the agreement of Plombières, war with Austria in 1859

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How was Italy unified? (Part 1: The 1848-49 Failures)

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Did the revolutions change anything?

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Why did most of the revolutions fail?

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Did the revolutions have anything in common?

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The nature and causes of revolutions in 1848 and the influence of liberalism and nationalism

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